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Pathological Narcissism and Its Relationship to Empathy and Transcendence Peter Zachar, Auburn University Montgomery Introduction: Ralph Ellis's Model of Healthy Transcendence According to Ralph Ellis ("Spiritual Partnership"), all human beings possess a need for transcendence—a phenomenon that has been acknowledged by both theistic and atheistic philosophers. Transcendence, psychologically understood, refers to being able to see the bigger picture by stepping outside the circle of egocentricity. When this happens, one's own troubles lose some of their salience. How to best achieve transcendence is a matter of debate, and resolving that debate is the principal goal of Ellis's article.
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